This paper analyzes the efficacy of EU interventions into the elimination of racial discrimination and improvement of labor market outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities in the EU, including the Race Equality Directive of 2000, soft law measures such as the Lisbon Strategy, the European...

The main findings of this paper are that despite the existence of various affirmative action programs designed to improve the position of women and minorities in public construction, little has changed in the last twenty five years. We present evidence showing that where race conscious...