The growth of self-employment and in particular gig work may explain part of the declining fertility rates observed in … many countries. This study examines this question drawing on longitudinal data to compare women’s fertility, proxied by … structural aspects of work types, as fertility-related social protection there does not discriminate between self-employment and …

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of Employment Protection Legislation (EPL) on fertility decisions of … positive and sizable effect on fertility decisions of Italian working women. This result is robust to a number of checks …

This paper explores the effects of house prices on fertility rates using a new instrumental variable strategy … assessment of house prices and fertility nexus reveals that these effects vary by region and demographic subgroup. Taken together …

The causal effects of fertility are a central focus in the social sciences, but the analysis is challenged by the … endogeneity of fertility choices. Earlier work has proposed several "natural experiments" from twin births or gender composition … rare (twins) and weak (gender composition) instrumental variables for fertility. This paper proposes a new "natural …

. In this investigation, the fertility choice response to this policy across maternal age and birth order are measured … early 1980s. The results suggest that the policy has elicited fertility behaviour change, evidenced by a higher cumulative … growth in fertility of maternal age groups 20-29, which is sustained past 2008, even as a growth in birth rates of older …

This paper examines the causal effects of a major change in the German parental leave benefits on fertility. I use the …

involved in the legislative process), we show that an expansion in the welfare state increases the fertility, marriage, and … formation. Nevertheless, we also find that the welfare state decouples marriage and fertility, and therefore, alters the …

This paper investigates the role of childcare provided by grandparents for the fertility decisions of their offspring …-bearing years increases by about five percent the number of children. We show that the fertility effects of delayed retirement are … lowest low fertility we conclude that pension reforms may have had unintended inter-generational effects. This conclusion is …

benefits on fertility. While generally the reform increased child benefits, the exact amount of the increase varied … substantially by household income and sibship size. We use these heterogeneities to identify their causal effects on fertility in a … positive fertility effects for higher as opposed to lower income couples deciding on a second birth. …

fertility. Generally, the reform increased child benefits. However, the exact amount of the increase varied by household income … and sibship size. We use this heterogeneity of the reform to identify causal effects on fertility using a difference … child benefit reform did not yield robust or statistically significant fertility effects for low income couples. We find …