In spring 2020, observers and practitioners warned that COVID-19 would increase violence in sub-Saharan Africa by … pandemic, violence did increase in 2020, rising by 40 and 60 per cent in terms of fatalities and events, respectively …. Controlling for important confounders, COVID-19 proves significant to the increase in violence in many models; however, a robust …

living in war zones amid violence and chaos. If these better economic conditions persist after non-state armed actors leave … heterogeneous impact by the level of rebelocracy. Using a household panel in four conflict regions in Colombia, the estimation …

diverted to these very groups. We examine how U.S. military aid affects political violence in Colombia. We exploit the …

question by estimating how U.S. military aid affects violence and electoral participation in Colombia. We exploit the …. Using detailed political violence data, we find that U.S. military aid leads to differential increases in attacks by …