Women earn less than men but are not less satisfied with life. This paper explores whether norms regarding the appropriate pay for women compared to men may explain these findings. In order to capture the spatial variation in such norms, we take community level information on citizens' approval...

Women earn less than men but are not less satisfied with life. This paper argues that norms on the appropriate pay for women compared to men explain these findings. We take citizens' approval of an equal rights amendment to the Swiss constitution as a proxy for the norm that "women and men shall...

This Article explores the history of American women's long struggle for the vote; it does so to illuminate the efficacy of the franchise to produce political emancipation. This history reveals that struggles over constitutional values and rights are so often a story of how the dominance of one...

We show that gender inequality decreases the variety of goods countries produce and export, in particular in low-income and developing countries. We argue that this happens through at least two channels: first, gender gaps in opportunity, such as lower educational enrollment rates for girls than...

In U.S. counties where more of the population or their ancestors immigrated from countries with more gender-egalitarian beliefs, firms are 20% more likely to have a female director, and almost twice as likely to have a female CEO. In such counties, female directors are also more likely to chair...

Women earn less than men but are not less satisfied with life. This paper argues that norms on the appropriate pay for women compared to men explain these findings. We take citizens' approval of an equal rights amendment to the Swiss constitution as a proxy for the norm that women and men shall...

The perception of women's statutory place within organizations has been influenced by gender bias, which has led to discrimination. Lowering barriers related to gender inequality and introducing constructive changes takes a surprisingly long time. This procrastination can, to some extent, be...

The main objective of this article is to analyse women’s and men’s relationships with work, especially with the labour market. It covers matters such as training, labour activity, unemployment, job segregation, remuneration and job insecurity. Although the analysis focuses on the labour...

This article assesses explanations for the different way in which women participate in cooperatives as opposed to employee-owned companies (regardless of whether they are limited or not). It takes as its basis existing empirical evidence on female participation in these enterprises, evidence...

This paper concerns women’s representation in co-operatives, identifies if women’s representation influences and contributes to co-operatives´ development and is based on secondary data and on interviews conducted with four women managers. The study carries forward the exploration of a link...