This study investigates whether and when during the life cycle women fall behind in terms of career progression because of children. We use 1987-1997 Norwegian panel data that contain information on individuals' position in their career hierarchy as well as a direct measure of their promotions....

Does leave-taking matter for young workers' careers? If so, why? We propose the competition effect - relative leave status of workers affecting their relative standing inside the firm - as a new explanation. Exploiting a policy reform that exogenously assigned four-week paid paternity leave to...

In the face of a labor market that is unable to absorb a growing demand, entrepreneurship and self-employment is an interesting path on many levels. In addition to being a real driver of growth and competitiveness, entrepreneurship is also a means of self-realization, independence and personal...