In analyses of the global money and capital markets, economic discourse is mostly focussed on the movement and flow of capital, giving less emphasis to its role in influencing the formation of institutional frameworks as well as national and international rules, particularly in terms of the...

The informal sector (IS) plays a significant role in developing countries viz. the provision of employment, income and supplying ignored markets. However, working and employment conditions within the sector are still poor. Its expansion and changing structures have thus drawn the attention of...

This paper provides a long-term view by studying the effect of the underground or shadow economy on economic growth in the Unites States over the period 1870 to 2014. Shadow activities might spur or retard economic growth depending on their interactions with the formal sector and impacts on the...

Despite Tanzania's rapid recent growth, the vast majority of employment creation has been in informal services. This paper addresses the role that different subsectors of formal and informal services have played in Tanzania's growth. It finds that subsectors such as trade services contribute...

Despite Tanzania's rapid recent growth, the vast majority of employment creation has been in informal services. This paper addresses the role that different subsectors of formal and informal services have played in Tanzania's growth. It finds that subsectors such as trade services contribute...

This paper provides a long-term view by studying the effect of the underground or shadow economy on economic growth in the Unites States over the period 1870 to 2014. Shadow activities might spur or retard economic growth depending on their interactions with the formal sector and impacts on the...

The informal sector (IS) plays a significant role in developing countries viz. the provision of employment, income and supplying ignored markets. However, working and employment conditions within the sector are still poor. Its expansion and changing structures have thus drawn the attention of...

This paper examines the role of shadow economy, tax enforcement and taxation, on economic growth. These effects are studied by simulating a modified version of an endogenous growth model proposed by Loayza (1996). Econometric results and calibration are based on the Italian economy over the...

The study focused on the early stage of Romania’s transition to the market economy during 1990-1992, based on statistical data available at that time. Because of the inherited structural distortions, the persistence of strong forces of inertia and the incoherence of economic and monetary...

The aim of this paper is to analyse the effect of institutions on economic growth. On the one hand, we present an analysis of the existing theoretical and empirical studies, which have achieved wide consensus regarding the positive effects of institutional quality. On the other hand, we identify...