that stronger incentives decrease student well-being and intrinsic motivation to study. …This paper studies responses to high-stakes incentives arising from early ability tracking. We use three complementary … tracking system. Our results show that the need to perform well to qualify for a better track raises students' math, reading …

that choosing a manager who has a preference to spend resources for social causes can increase employee motivation. In turn …, ex-post losses in shareholder value may be offset by ex-ante gains in performance through higher employee motivation. …

as a wage determinant. We furthermore show that a promotion affects both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation significantly …, though in two different ways: An expected promotion increases extrinsic motivation whereas intrinsic motivation is highest … subsequent to a realized promotion. The relationship between extrinsic motivation and expected promotions implies that promotions …

Early studies often found that offering economic incentives for undertaking prosocial and intrinsically motivated … activities can crowd out motivation to perform these activities. More recent work highlights nuanced and important features … related to whether crowding out (or substitution) is likely to occur. In many cases, incentives succeed in encouraging more …