Traditional interpretations of politics among nuclear-weapons states–as epitomized by Schellingʹs theory of deterrence through mutually-assured destruction–are less useful in todayʹs proliferation environment than they were during the Cold Warʹs superpower rivalry. As...

Defense economics derives from and is embedded in the multi-dimensional array of issues each country must address when providing for its national security. Applying economic concepts and methods, it attempts to evaluate this great diversity of security related questions, and to understand how...

Why do countries deploy nuclear weapons abroad? Since 1945, more than twenty states have hosted foreign nuclear weapons on their territory, and five countries continue to do so today. These deployments have important consequences for international security, yet there is little systematic...

Although in reality, states simultaneously pursue direct and extended deterrence, extant theories of deterrence have considered direct and extended deterrence situations separately. Furthermore, extended deterrence theories have not modeled all three actors in extended deterrence situations. To...

The UK faces the need to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. A decision has yet to be made to replace its currently retiring nuclear reactors with modern reactors, yet time is pressing if the UK is to meet its emission target and ensure security of its future energy supply.

The lack of reliable, accessible and affordable energy hinders development in Sub-Saharan Africa, the poorest region in the world. Nuclear power promises to be the cheapest and most reliable source of electricity for many African countries. Nuclear power plants (typically 250 MWe in capacity or...

Population and economic growth in West Asia and North Africa (WANA) continue to drive upward the demand for energy services and freshwater. Currently, oil and gas are the principal fuels for electricity generation and desalination, but this is expected to change in the future. Demand...

Previous analyses of arms races and proliferation are integrated and extended, building from a treatment of the behavioral foundations of weapons acquisitions to a general theory of arms races, with implications for the role of negotiations, the balance of power, the timing of crises, and...

We use techniques from fuzzy mathematics to develop metrics for measuring how well the US is achieving its overarching national security goal: to protect itself, its allies and its friends from both nuclear attack and coercive pressures by states possessing nuclear weapons. The metrics are...