sports unions actually contribute to on-field competition which can be seen when compared to the structure of the European …This article discusses the benefits of sports unions in the wake of recent NFL and NBA lockouts. The existence of … sports system, which lack sports unions. The European sports system operates under a free market which has been found to be …

marketplace among unions has contributed, at least in part, to the decline in union density in the private sector. Accordingly … extinguished, I offer both historical and empirical evidence. In Part II of this Article I study the impact of competition on union … organizing by analyzing four historical examples: the battle between the Knights of Labor and the craft unions; the war between …

unionized employees in North America are women. While early studies of unions and inequality focused on males, recent studies … examine both and reveal striking gender differences. A consistent - and puzzling - finding is that unions reduce wage …, unions reduce economy-wide wage inequality by less than 10% in both countries. However, union impacts on wage inequality are …