Reducing poverty remains an important challenge, and the COVID-19-crisis may further reinforce social vulnerabilities …. Although it has declined lately, relative poverty remains high in international comparison and is distributed unevenly across … particularly affected. A comprehensive approach is required to ensure an effective transition out of poverty and social exclusion …

population in concentrated settlements, separated neighbourhoods or ghettos. The majority live in poverty and face social …

that balances goals of reducing poverty, encouraging employment and fiscal sustainability. Using the OECD’s Tax-Benefit and …-wage earners would make inroads into poverty and inequality while encouraging formal work. This paper accompanies and extends the …