separate literature has also examined the cultural and ethnic identity of immigrants and how these affect their economic … performance and societal integration. However, an unexplored channel connects ethnic clustering with ethnic identity formation … of co-ethnic concentration for the minority identity and at very low levels of local concentration for the majority …

separate literature has also examined the cultural and ethnic identity of immigrants and how these affect their economic … performance and societal integration. However, an unexplored channel connects ethnic clustering with ethnic identity formation … of co-ethnic concentration for the minority identity and at very low levels of local concentration for the majority …

The role of ethnic clustering in ethnic identity formation has remained unexplored, mainly due to missing detailed data …s and 1970s we find that local co-ethnic concentration affects immigrants' ethnic identity. While residential ethnic … clustering strengthens immigrants' retention of an affiliation with their origin (minority identity), it weakens identification …

The role of ethnic clustering in ethnic identity formation has remained unexplored, mainly due to missing detailed data …s and 1970s we find that local co-ethnic concentration affects immigrants' ethnic identity. While residential ethnic … clustering strengthens immigrants' retention of an affiliation with their origin (minority identity), it weakens identification …