The Swedish system for determining fairway dues at the national level is acknowledged as being unique in attempting to consider the environmental performance of vessels. Between 1998 and 2014, vessels could get a SOX discount and between 1998 and 2017 a NOx discount, both based on certificates....

This study examines the link between environmental indicators and output volatility unlike the previous literature that mainly emphasized the importance of carbon emissions and economic growth nexus. Output uncertainty is considered a serious global issue as it undermines economic gains and...

Designed to operate with natural gas, the MGT are devices technologically recent with a noticeable number of functional advantages. Energetically and environmentally respectful and with high performance, they produce low emissions mainly of nitrogen oxides of which the toxic devastating effects...