employment, start-up incentives are a fundamentally different approach to ALMP, in that they intend to encourage and help … unemployed individuals to exit unemployment by entering self-employment and, thus, by creating their own jobs. In this sense …, start-up incentives for unemployed individuals serve not only as employment and social policy to activate job seekers and …

behavior of firms and labor unions when firms threaten to use temporary agency employment in the bargaining process, 2) to … temporary agency employment to dampen the wage claims of labor unions. Furthermore, the model discusses how labor unions … agency employment in terms of their utility, firms gain from increasing profits and an extended employment level per firm. If …

challenge in Germany and other European countries. Despite the current improvement of the labor market situation and decreasing … rates in Germany, unemployment is still one of the greatest social problems today. As the unemployment is largely caused by … separate papers, the first four investigate the effectiveness of active labor market policy in Germany using various estimation …