Japanese firms operating in both their home countries and emerging economies. About the cost structure, costs depending on … quantity and quality(named gproduction costs h) and those depending only on quality (named gR&D costs h) are discussed. With … production and R&D costs, three types of costs are examined. Type 1 costs have no R&D costs. Type 2 costs have both, and R …

media do not fully consider disutility from advertising. The equilibrium in ad volume is different depending on the supply …

, prices are zero - "free." On the other side of the market, Facebook's and Google's revenues are derived from advertising … costs to the products being advertised, - Elimination (or non-emergence) of competition in markets to the products being … advertised, - Increasing prices to consumers beyond the cost of advertising via the market power of the remaining firms in the …