-skill immigrants to those countries which did not impose restrictions to immigration, namely Ireland, Sweden, and the UK. However …, there is lack of recent systematic evidence on the level of immigration and the quality of the new immigrants. We focus on … the UK and combine the British and the European Labour Force Surveys to analyse whether immigration to the UK has changed …

and/or in education. For comparison we have followed groups of immigrants by their reason for immigration, like refugees … immigrants' reason for immigration. Immigrants who remain outside of employment and/or education is mostly to be found among … refugees, family-immigrants and immigrants with unspecified reason for immigration, while education- and labor-immigrants and …

as Denmark, Finland and Sweden are concerned, a broad consensus and a general policy to "manage" the decline of cash have …-functioning as means of payment. In this respect, unlike the market approach (at least so far) favored in Sweden, Norway and the …