testing approach to cointegration is employed to test the causal relationship between industrial production, exports and terms … of trade. An augmented form of Granger causality analysis is implemented to identify the direction of relationship among …

1968 to 2005. The bounds testing approach to cointegration is conducted to establish the existence of a long …-run relationship between financial development and economic growth. An augmented form of Granger causality analysis is implemented to … identify the direction of causality among the variables both in the short-run and the long-run. The empirical findings suggest …

import functions or exportled growth. Focusing on the US relations with Euroland and Canada, cointegration analyses however …

to Granger causality tests within a panel cointegration framework. It turns out that the growth effects of FDI vary …

testing approach to cointegration is employed to test the causal relationship between industrial production, exports and terms … of trade. An augmented form of Granger causality analysis is implemented to identify the direction of relationship among …

1968 to 2005. The bounds testing approach to cointegration is conducted to establish the existence of a long …-run relationship between financial development and economic growth. An augmented form of Granger causality analysis is implemented to … identify the direction of causality among the variables both in the short-run and the long-run. The empirical findings suggest …

causality test results suggest that there is a causal relationship from ICT to FDI in developed countries, which means that a … attracting more FDI. Contrarily, we could not find significant causality from ICT to FDI in developing countries. Instead, we … have partial evidence of opposite causality relationship. The inflow of FDI causes further increases in ICT investment and …

and economic growth. We make use of a Johansen-based panel cointegration methodology allowing for cross-country dependence … the direction of potential causality between financial and economic development. Our results conclude to the existence of … a single cointegrating vector between financial development and growth and of causality going from financial development …

between unionization and income inequality for a sample of 20 countries. Using heterogeneous panel cointegration techniques …), and (iii) long-run causality runs in both directions, suggesting that, on average, an increase in unionization reduces …