. We randomly assigned over 2,200 students a message with basic information about the Economics major; the basic message … increased the proportion of first generation and underrepresented minority (URM) students majoring in Economics by five … percentage points. This effect size was sufficient to reverse the gap in Economics majors between first generation/URM students …

. We randomly assigned over 2,200 students a message with basic information about the Economics major; the basic message … increased the proportion of first generation and underrepresented minority (URM) students majoring in Economics by five … percentage points. This effect size was sufficient to reverse the gap in Economics majors between first generation/URM students …

-efficacy, motivation, and test anxiety, obtained from an online survey before students’ exams. In the whole sample, we did not find an … treated students reported higher self-efficacy than the control students. The treatment affected students’ motivation before …Motivated by the self-determination theory of psychology, we ask how simple school practices can forge students …

achievement through several distinct channels. From a sample of nearly 25,000 students across three different campuses, we find … evaluate significantly influences academic outcomes (even for those students more at risk of dropping out). We interpret the … results with our survey data and a model of student effort. Students study about five to eight hours fewer each week than they …

students' forecasts of their exam grades. Part of a student's grade expectation is based on the student's previous academic … five hundred second-year undergraduate students enrolled in a statistics course in Moscow. The course contains three exams … and each student produces a forecast for each of the three exams. Students' expectations are not rational and most of …