Some countries allow physicians to balance bill patients, that is, to bill a fee above the one that is negotiated with …, and reimbursed by the health authorities. Balance billing is known for restricting access to physicians' services while … physicians' services. It also shows that supplemental insurance against the expenses associated with balance billing, rather than …

quality of care. Using data from California nonprofit hospitals from 2004 to 2008, we document that the absence of physicians …

A longstanding literature explores how altruism affects the way physicians respond to incentives and provide care. We … systematically influences the way physicians respond to reimbursement changes, and we identify the channels through which these …

increasingly demand specific drugs, treatment, or other medical services from their physicians. If the physician fails to provide … their treatment plans. As a result of these treatment demands, physicians are under growing pressure to provide the …'s financial survival. Physicians, however, have a fiduciary obligation to their patients, which includes the duty to resist …