Do consumers buy own labels differently from the branded goods of manufacturers? Contrary to some of the beliefs currently held in the trade, own labels are found to be bought much like brands, and loyalty is only slightly above average. Usually, own labels are just one item in a repertoire:...

Based on a survey of the Times Top 200 companies, the use, content and attitudes of formal corporate codes of ethics in some of the largest British enterprises are empirically analysed. Looking at the rationale for and against the introduction of codes of ethics, a large umber of industry...

This article is about marketing planning. It is a subject which is ot treated extensively in the literature and is not well understood by many academics and practitioners, according to a well‐known researcher in the field. Major marketing planning problems identified by others are introduced...

Examines the characteristics of small and medium‐sized initiating and continuing exporting firms from Saskatchewan, Canada. As the US is the major trading partner of Canada and most of the initial export activities of Canadian firms are destined for the US markets, the Free Trade Agreement...

Discusses the US 1952 presidential campaign, which was the first using television advertising and politics nationally. Observes the use of the differing advertising agencies used by the Democrats and Republicans for their campaigns, and gives a breakdown of the money spent on this. Shows that...