When the European Commission proposed a Directive On Market Access to Port Services in February 2001, the International Transport Workers' Federation (ITF) issued a declaration of war on Europe's waterfront. To protect established terms and conditions of employment in the port transport...

Since the publication of Freeman and Medoff's What Do Unions Do? in 1984, labor economists have accumulated a wealth of empirical evidence on the economic effects of trade unions. Unfortunately, these studies tend to be long on description but short on theoretical explanation. Economic models of...

This paper presents a simple model of industrial conflict that differs from previous economic models in that it recognizes the distinction between strikes and other forms of industrial conflict. The model is estimated against data relating to Britain's dock industry. The results provide evidence...

Consistent with government policy in other sectors of the economy, employment arrangements in Britain's ports have recently been deregulated (1989) and the remaining public sector por ts privatized (1991 onwards), but a comparison with state policies in other European countries suggests that...

This paper presents a new method for evaluating the relationship which exists between strikes and absenteeism, as alternative forms of industrial conflict. The proposed method is outlined and its use illustrated in an analysis of the British dock labour market.

Reviews the research work and conceptual development of the International Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) group into the nature of buyer‐seller relationships which has evolved during the past 20 years. The themes of interaction, relationships and networks encapsulate the major research thrusts...