Despite substantial achievements in the recent past, the innovation climate in Russia is in need of major improvements. Comprehensive institutional and policy reforms are required, including in areas outside the remit of policy makers in technology and innovation. In this context, the Helsinki...

This book analyses the role of regional governments in the trade policy of the Russian Federation. It examines regional trade-related policies, such as subsidies, taxes and licensing, and their implications for Russia's international trade commitments, and in particular its negotiations for...

This report examines the experiences of eleven European countries (including Russia) and the United States in designing and implementing sustainable urban transport policies. A series of national reports are included with a synthetic analysis that draws lessons on the design of successful...

Rail transport accounts for 80% of all freight in Russia and its performance is critical to overall economic growth. Though the railways have been starved of investment they are now in the process of rapid reform, and maintaining momentum will be crucial

SMEs are the backbone of the European economy, but in regional and local labour market monitoring approaches their specificities are not yet well considered. As SMEs have to compete with larger companies for human resources, they develop creative strategies for recruiting and retaining...

Introduction -- The oil industry : main features and characteristics -- Conceptual terminology -- Structure, methodology and sources -- The late-tsarist oil industry, 1861-1917 -- Late-tsarist economy overview -- Late-tsarist oil industry overview -- Role of the state -- Foreign participation --...

Russia will be one of the countries most affected by climate change. No major power is more economically dependent on the export of hydrocarbons; at the same time, two-thirds of Russia’s territory lies in the arctic north, where melting permafrost is already imposing growing damage. Climate...

Der russische Angriffskrieg hat bewirkt, dass sich die Beziehungen zwischen EU und Ukraine vertieften. Abzulesen ist das vor allem am Status der Ukraine als EU-Beitrittskandidat. Trotz des Krieges setzt die Ukraine Reformen in vielen Bereichen fort, auch wenn das Reformtempo seit Februar 2022...