The organizational form of franchising has been shown to yield higher profits and faster growth through reducing agency costs. Why then does anyone not franchise? In this paper, I argue that the diffuse residual claims of the franchise system reduce overall system quality, and that this problem...

In addition to traditional corporations, today'sbusiness environment also includes hybrid organizations, such as joint ventures, strategic alliances, and franchise chains. The properties of each of these new organizational forms are the subject of considerable research and significant...

The common perception appears to be that vertical integration of advertising services is more the exception than the rule in the U.S. advertising industry. This study investigates the extent of such outsourcing and examines inter-industry variation in the use of in-house rather than independent...

In today's business landscape, the familiar traditional corporation has been augmented by new species such as joint ventures, strategic alliances, and franchise chains. The properties of these new species, termed hybrid forms, are distinctly different from the traditional corporation. In this...

The standard solutions to agency, incentive contracting and monitoring, are degraded by the frequency and the duration of the decisions affected. Decisions of low frequency and long duration are not effectively controlled by either monitoring or incentive contracting. For decisions of low...

The common perception appears to be that vertical integration of advertising services is more the exception than the rule in the U.S. advertising industry. This study investigates the extent of such outsourcing and examines inter-industry variation in the use of in-house rather than independent...

We develop a subjectivist theory of entrepreneurship that focuses on individuals, their knowledge, resources and skills, and the processes of discovery and creativity, which constitute the heart of entrepreneurship. First, we establish the fundamental importance of subjectivity in...

Governments around the world seek to support entrepreneurship, yet the justification for such intervention varies. Some governments support entrepreneurship as a means to create jobs. Others support entrepreneurship as a means to create competition in markets, with attendant lower prices. In...