Environmental quality in urban areas has become an increasingly important topic in Taiwan. Previous research involving the interrelationshipsbetween urban development and environmental quality have rarely emphasized the symbiosis between urban areas and the natural environment. In recent years,...

Cities are hierarchical centers of consumption and have had sharp pulses of growth and decline over history. Viewing regional development from an energy perspective is appealing in its analogy to natural systems, though the theory itself as applied to social systems remains undeveloped. The...