This paper discusses how the WTO agreement deals with the environmental and competitiveness concerns linked to trade and environmental policies. As the use of traditional export subsidies and other protectionist trade policies are now strongly restricted in the WTO, many countries will try to...

A frequently encountered problem in import demand estimation is how to account for competition between imports and domestic production. Traditionally, use of the Armington model has been a way to handle this problem. This is a disaggregate model which distinguishes commodities by country of...