profits in the form of higher wages and benefits. A threat to this cartel is an employer who wants to bargain with the union …-association employer’s union employees’ interests is not available. In enforcing this scheme a cartel’s primary tactic is the use of “most … scholars, antitrust law is an ineffective tool to remedy union-association cartel behavior. Instead, the Article puts forward …

acknowledgment of the facts. Yet there are at least three dimensions open for bargaining in cartel cases. One is the determination of …