This paper shows that geographical investor heterogeneity strongly influences sovereign risk. While standard sovereign debt models mainly attribute the absence of sovereign defaults to foreign creditor retaliation, a new theoretical literature argues that domestic creditors also affect borrowing...

Benchmarking by means of applying the DEA model is appearing as an interesting alternative for regulators under the new regimes for electricity distributors. A sample of large electricity distribution utilities from Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden and the Netherlands for the year 1997 is...

This study applies the GTAP-E model which incorporates carbon emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels and this provides for a mechanism to trade these emissions internationally. This facilitates an analysis of North European Energy production and energy markets while still consistently...

In this paper we present a comparative analysis of Nordic countries’ financial systems and consider in particular the recent growth of Nordic venture capital industries. We document that the Nordic countries’ financial systems display several similarities that have characterized their...

Euroopan maat eroavat työmarkkinakäytäntöjensä suhteen. Muutokset ovat olleet huomattavia 1980-luvun alusta lähtien. Iso-Britanniassa työntekijöiden järjestäytymisaste on laskenut merkittävästi ja yrityksillä on itsenäinen asema palkanasetannassa. Saksassa liittotason...

The process of European integration has gained considerable momentum during the past couple of years. This paper provides an assessment of the degree of integration of both the accession states of central and eastern Europe and of the pre-ins for monetary union with respect to Germany. Using...

This paper analyzes the international transmission effects of euro area monetary policy shocks in to other western European countries, namely the United Kingdom, Sweden, Switzerland, Denmark, and Norway. For this purpose, we use a structural VAR model of the euro area and augment it...

Using historical data, we test the validity of Wagner's law of increasing state activity at different stages of economic development for five industrialized European countries: the United Kingdom, Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Italy. In order to investigate the coherence between Wagner's law and...

This Joint Country Evaluation of the development cooperation of Denmark, Sweden and the European Union with Bangladesh has a dual objective of firstly providing accountability through an overall independent assessment of the cooperation strategy and delivery of the Evaluation Partners in...