This paper analyzes the interplay between firms' self-regulation (often denoted as corporate social responsibility) as opposed to the formal regulation of a negative externality. Firms respond to increasing activism in the market (conscious consumers that take into account the external effects...

Based on a survey of the French population, this study investigates (a) differences in consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for the provision of forest ecosystem services (FES) between a tax-based and a donation-based payment for ecosystem services (PES) scheme, and (b) their preferences...