Chinese consumers recognize in Italian products a high added value and, in some cases, consider them preferable to other products. The success around the world of items ‘‘Made in Italy'' is mostly due to the Italian brand's ability to transfer a certain sense of product quality in concert...

Studies have focused on the country of origin (COO), however, it is also possible that a producer markets a product by referring to a set of symbols, images, words, and values typical of a place but without the product being designed or produced there (foreign sounding – FS - effect). Focusing...

To become operational, the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) must harmonize Rules of Origin (ROO) across Africa's Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) along two dimensions: regime-wide rules and product-specific rules. This paper describes and evaluates these ROO across the major...

The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Rules of Origin (RoOs) determine the conditions for the application of the Agreement's tariff preferences. The effectiveness of existing preferential trade agreements within the continent is undermined by heterogeneous RoO regimes and costly trade...