The oil-rich middle east countries are fast developing its social infrastructure, drawing upon non-national imported human resources. This policy has led to certain unintended outcomes and vitiated normal human resources development: cultural dissonance, limited transfer of expertise, passive...

Relationships are widely recognized as key to business success in the form of both informal interpersonal networks and formal organizational relationships. While Chinese personal networks (guanxi) have attracted scholars’ interest, the concept has not been fully investigated or understood in...