system affect equality of educational opportunity. Our model predicts that late tracking and a long pre-school cycle are … beneficial for equality, while pre-school enrollment is detrimental at low levels of enrollment and beneficial at higher levels … background ; student performance ; tracking ; pre-school ; efficiency-equity tradeoff …

-based tracking of children into different school types impede migrant integration. Chapters 4 and 5 cover the effect of immigration …

One would expect that family income is an important positive factor in the school attainment of children. However …