This paper addresses the question of the institutional flexibility of three major European welfare states. Using Data from the second and fifth wave of the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), we measure first how effectively the German, British and Italian welfare state have responded changes in...

I study a model that looks at causes, characteristics and consequences of loyalty schemes in a market with consumers who suffer from self-control problems (Gul and Pesendorfer, 2001). While the literature has mostly focused on loyalty schemes as tools used by firms to compete (Caminal and...