The smooth operation of a logistics system in an international environment requires careful planning on the part of the firm. All aspects have to be planned for and every possible contingency examined. Once the shipment leaves the shipper′s dock it is out of his control until it arrives at the...

Product recalls are no longer in the realm of theoretical possibilities; it is a regular fact of business life among manufacturers of both industrial and consumer products. Machine tools, automobiles, television sets, appliances, cosmetics, clothes — no product is immune and the list is...

Reciprocity has been identified as a “messy” concept to study within international cooperative ventures. Theoretically grounded in international cooperation, transaction cost theory and economic anthropology, reciprocity is operationalized and explored in this study. Specifically, the...