Financial (il-)literacy and its effects have been studied extensively in recent years. The measurement of this concept … is, however, tricky and numerous measurement instruments exist. In this paper, we study the connection between these …

or output of a knowledge production function. We suggest that the productivity of research in patent production functions … to patentable knowledge, and development happens after the initial research phase that may have led to a patent. Instead … of using data on R&D, we separate the knowledge creating process into 'R' and 'D'. This data stems from R&D surveys of …