(1) Background: Any disturbance in the pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) can disrupt the supply of medicines and affect the efficiency of health systems. Due to shortages in the global pharma supply chain over the past few years and the complex nature of free trade and its limitations when...

The recent global financial turmoil and economic recession have exposed the serious shortcomings of the current U.S. regulations for over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives. Drawing upon the arbitrage economic theory and the spirit of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration model, we propose a model...