Despite the importance of retirement savings, many individuals retire with lack of adequate retirement savings. Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior, we developed a model in which psychological factors influence the calculation of retirement savings needs, which in turn influences the...

This report analyzes data on a group of consistent Roth IRA investors — those holding accounts with the same financial services provider at the end of each year from 2007 through 2014 — drawn from The IRA Investor Database to gain insight into how Roth IRA investors fared during and after...

Congress eliminated the income limit required for converting a Traditional Individual Retirement Account (IRA) to a Roth IRA in 2010. The conversion must be recognized as income for tax purposes in the year of conversion. The converter may choose to pay taxes from other sources or to pay from...

This paper focuses on two aspects of the tax changes enacted in the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA86). First, the TRA86 phased out tax deductions for interest on consumer debt, which contributed to a marked shift in the composition of household debt. Second, the TRA86 restricted the tax...

This paper examines the percentage of traditional or Roth IRAs in the EBRI IRA Database that had a withdrawal in 2011. In this study, only withdrawals from the accounts identified as traditional or Roth IRAs in the database are examined, a total of 15.3 million accounts with $1.11 trillion in...

Social impact bonds (SIBs) have recently generated a lot of excitement nationwide as an innovative way to finance social projects. A SIB is a financing mechanism that uses private capital to fund social services, with the government only repaying investors their capital plus a potential return...