Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider whether the affective components of brand association influence the key stakeholders of business‐to‐business (B2B) brands. The aim is to demonstrate the importance of branding to organisations involved only in B2B markets by testing three...

As more men adopt the role of grocery shopper, the potential grows for positioning a supermarket chain against the male shopper. Anecdotal evidence and previous research suggested differences between male and female shoppers over the time taken to shop. A study is presented where male and female...

Retailers, it is said, are behaving as brands. Tests whether retailers can be considered to be brands by comparing the current practices of British retailers against four criteria for a brand which are developed from the existing literature on branding. The four criteria are that the brand...

Dictionary definitions of “retail” and “retailing” emphasize the activity of selling in small quantities. Challenges such a concept of retailing as a description of both the commercial activity and the academic topic which the word now represents. Investigates the historical evolution of...

Considers the implementation of the customer care campaign within Asda, as a response to the results of a MORI survey of Asda staff and customers. The staff training programme took place between 1985 and 1987 with the stated aim of providing enjoyable and convenient shopping for customers. The...

The way we think about retail location is dominated by the idea that the primary role of the retail store or the retail centre is to attract the shopper to the location. An alternative paradigm exists of taking retailing to where there are people either at home or in crowds and this is likely to...

The marketing of own brands is a feature of modern multiple retailing. Retailers can create brand image by advertising their own products or creating brand equity in their own stores and transferring such imagery to their physical products. The costs of branding to the retailer are approximately...