In the social sciences, it is often useful to introduce latent variables and usestructural equation modeling to quantify relations among observable and latentvariables. Data gathered through surveys is frequently ordinal in nature, asLikert-scale type questions are used in most questionnaires....

This paper compares the results from data envelopment analysis (DEA) to a naïve efficiency measurement model, which generates a scalar efficiency score by averaging all output-input ratios. Random data and real-life data are used to test the relative performance of the naïve model against...