For several years, preferential trade agreements have been oriented towards initiating a deep integration process … also raise new costs impeding trade. The aim of this paper is to verify that preferential trade agreements (PTAs) have a … higher positive effect on trade inside the area when they are bound by a democratic constraint. To achieve this, we use an …

orientation towards bilateralism, which, if it proliferates, might jeopardize the stability of trade relations by its …

This paper provides an ex-post assessment of the Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) to see whether RTAs have been trade … creating or trade diverting. We estimate the impact of RTAs on trade flows for country pair with dyed fixed effects and time … dummies. These fixed effects capture the determinants of trade flows normally included in gravity model specifications and …

The last multilateral trade negotiations chaired by the World Trade Organization met huge problems which could lead to …

aim more directly at increasing competitiveness. We use a gravity model to assess the trade impact of curbing the level of … compliance with core labour standards, distinguishing the effects on bilateral trade (geographical specialization) from the … tend to trade more with each other, while non-compliant countries tend to trade more with compliant countries. These …

Census of data on international trade in services and recommendations for improving methods of measurement of trade …

increasingly active since the World Trade Organization (WTO) Singapore Ministerial Declaration. On a regional level, social clauses … are now being introduced inside preferential-trade agreements. These evolutions feed the debate regarding the link between … labour standards and trade. This article takes a closer look at this debate and re-assesses the traditional economic analysis …