Gender differences in entrepreneurial intentions and agentic traits frequently linked to entrepreneurship (locus of control, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, risk-taking propensity, and proactiveness) were examined using a sample of Spanish university students, 535 women and 283 men. Self-reported...

Research shows that only 14% of women holding managerial posts in Iran. This rate is very low when compared with other countries. In connection with this problem, this paper aims to study the obstacles in women's progress in the organization and its impact on organizational commitment and job...

In comparing with other Visegrad countries, Slovakia has since 1990 permanent difficulties to reach and maintain high level of employment. High unemployment used to be traditionally in Poland, too. Other two Visegrad countries, the Czech Republic and Poland used to reach much better economic...

Cross-country variation in average retirement age is usually attributed to institutional differences that affect individuals' incentives to retire. We suggest a different approach. Since workers in different occupations naturally retire at different ages, the composition of occupations within an...

There is a substantial literature arguing that financial development contributes to economic growth. In this paper, we contribute to this literature by examining the effect of state-level banking regulation on financial development and economic growth in the United States from 1900 to 1940....

It is widely acknowledged that large-scale urbanization plays a pivotal role in China's miraculous economic growth over the past two decades. Yet many of the basic statistics and facts remain disputable. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, based on the publicly available 2000 and...

Hay dos temas transversales que se abordan en este volumen; uno es la exclusión, definida como la restricción de la posibilidad de acceso a algún servicio, bien público u oportunidad, entendida esta en el sentido amplio. La segunda es la discriminación, entendida como el trato desigual,...

Whether and how the observability of a coworker’s effort influences an employer’s wage decisions and workers’ effort decisions is a central issue for labor organizations. We conduct an experiment using a three-person gift-exchange game to investigate this matter in the context of wage...

Partiendo del concepto de que el trabajo garantiza un ingreso y un espacio de desarrollo, hoy en día con el reforzamiento de la precariedad laboral se considera importante que los individuos no solamente estén empleados sino que sus ocupaciones sean de calidad. La problemática de acceder a...