The manufacture of telecommunications equipment in the United Kingdom dates back to the 1880s. With the municipalisation and eventual nationalisation of telecommunications, it was the Post Office that had responsibility for research and development of new systems until the 1980s. After the...

There has been a growing concern of developing industrial clusters in developed nations and emerging economies in the past two decades to strengthen economic growth and development. The concept of properly organised industrial clusters has not yet been heavily implemented in developing nations,...

This article presents some of the results of a research program on industrial dynamics and sectoral interdependence, developed at the Economics Department of the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IE/UFRJ) in the 1980s.The research builds on the French concept of Filiegrave;re to put forth...

This study focuses on the demand sector of smart factories, especially policies related to the introduction of smart factories by small and medium sized manufacturers. As will be explained later, discussions focusing on SMEs are important because the gap in capacity and resources between large...

The machinery industry is a very difficult sector to develop in the short term. It is also not easy to drastically shorten the developmental period. Therefore, it is necessary for developing countries to thoroughly review Korea’s policy trends when designing machinery industry policies. This...

The purpose of this report is twofold. First, to describe the digitalization of modern manufacturing and U.S. businesses' adoption of digital technologies and identify the implications for policy carried by these trends. And second, to provide recommendations for competition policy in Korea...

This paper considers the model of voluntary, consensus based standardization as developed through the British Standards Institution (BSI) and its contribution to learning and productivity growth. It discusses the contribution of professional engineers to the model's introduction, its extension...

This paper considers the contribution of voluntary consensus based standards, as developed through the British Standards Institution (BSI), to collective learning and productivity growth in Britain. It discusses the pivotal contribution of professional engineers to the establishment of a...

Following the 2008 global financial crisis, short-term interest rates in a number of major economies reached the effective zero-lower bound (ZLB), joining Japan, which has experienced prolonged deflation and virtually zero interest-rates since 1998. In such a low policy interest-rate...

A recent wave of economic research has studied the transformation of China from a poor country in the 1970s to a middle-income economy today. Based on this literature, we discuss the factors driving China’s development process. We provide a historical account of China’s rise, fall, and...