This paper is an empirical investigation of the complementarity between education and training in 13 European countries …, based on the European Community Household Panel (ECHP). After confirming the standard result that training incidence is … higher among individuals with more education, I find that the relationship between educational attainment and training …

wage compression and training incidence in 11 European countries. After controlling for individual factors and country … training, both firm-specific and general. While the finding for firm-specific training is consistent with both competitive and … non-competitive approaches, the result for general training is only consistent with the non-competitive approach. …

while considered as extremely large in the public debate in Europe. The main argument is based on a fundamental property of …. Two sets of implications are then derived: on one hand, mobility costs are high in Europe and transitions between steady …-states has especially strong adverse effects. Jobs endogenously last longer in Europe than in the US, but when they are destroyed …

in employee training and physical capital differently. We measure financing constraints with an index that combines … effect on investment in training, but substantially reduce investment in physical capital. …

wage compression and training incidence in 11 European countries. I find that, after controlling for individual factors and … compression and training. This positive relationship is confirmed when I consider only general training. While the former finding … is consistent with both competitive and non - competitive approaches to training, the latter result is only consistent …

affect employers' decisions to invest in employee training. It combines survey data on investment activities with … this index reduces investment in training as a share of fixed assets by 2.9 to 4.5 percent and investment in training per … employee by 1.8 to 2.5 percent. The paper documents that lower investment in training reduces productivity, and show that firms …

employers' decision to invest in employee training. We combine survey data on investment activities with administrative data on … investment in training as a share of fixed assets by 2.9 to 4.5 percent and investment in training per employee by 1.8 to 2 ….5 percent. We document that lower investment in training reduces productivity, and show that firms facing tighter financing …

determinants of inequality in workers’ formal life-long learning (LLL) in Europe. In particular we investigate the incidence of …