Just as a person who is mugged in a dark alley doesn't know which assailant struck which blow, an ailing domestic producer may not know which country's imports have caused it injury. So reasoned the Tariff Commission, predecessor to the International Trade Commission, in deciding to cumulate the...

This article considers the inherent illogic of existing approaches to applying U.S. trade law to Non-Market Economy (NME) countries. U.S. trade law is largely based upon the premise that free trade is best, so long as it is essentially fair. Of the areas of trade law that control this balance...

This chapter describes some of the major regional GHG cap-and-trade initiatives in the United States, defines the problem of emissions leakage in the context of regional GHG regulation, identifies the various approaches employed by the regional GHG cap-and-trade regimes in the United States to...

Current strategies to minimize the anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases focus on reducing emissions from developed countries. Long term strategies for addressing global warming, however, will need to minimize greenhouse gas emissions from developing countries, as approximately two-thirds...

Energy security is a burning issue in a world where 1.4 billion people still have no access to electricity. This pioneering book is about finding solutions for energy security through the international trading system. Focusing mainly on the European Union (EU) as a case study, this holistic and...

Do conflicts among naval powers hurt international trade? In theory the commercially relevant aspects of aggressive naval power can either thwart trade (through blockades, embargoes, commerce raiding, and guerre de course strategies) or facilitate trade (through control of trade routes and...

While protesters took to the streets in the Battle in Seattle demanding greater accountability from international institutions, such as the WTO and the IMF, and the end of an "era of trade negotiations conducted by sheltered elites balancing competing commercial interests behind closed doors,"...

This paper studies how the prehistoric geographic distribution of domesticable transport animal species has contributed to shaping differences in development. I identify the historical ranges of the ten animal species that are (1) suitable for domestication and (2) suitable for carrying loads....

This is an assessment of China and U.S. litigation against each other in the WTO from 2001 through 2010. It discloses the active and aggressive nature of litigation between these two countries. It indicates an almost flawless continuation of Bush era policies by the Obama administration. If...

Conventional wisdom in economic history suggests that conflict between countries can be enormously disruptive of economic activity, especially international trade. We study the effects of war on bilateral trade with available data extending back to 1870. Using the gravity model, we estimate the...