This paper provides new evidence on the relationship between innovation, competition and distance to the technology … distance to frontier is measured by a firm's technology level relative to its main competitor. This self-reported comparison … empirical analysis are as follows. Firstly, firms with more advanced technology compared to their main competitors have more …

science-base of the technology. However, this gets masked by the citations added by patent examiners, who smooth the … distribution of citations across technology classes and include the same number of citations regardless of whether applicants cite … of technology impact and knowledge flows. Nevertheless, we show that the former also have important caveats, because …

This paper analyses the effect of interaction with universities on firms? innovation output, measured as the degree of … cooperation with universities nor outsourcing of R&D services to these agents has a significant effect on product innovation. In … other words, for Spanish manufacturing firms the acquisition of knowledge from universities does not represent an important …

science. Based on a sample of more than 1,000 scientists at universities and public research institutes in Germany, this paper …

for the year 2008 are used that contain information about four categories of energy-saving technology applications …