Entwistle, Gary; Feltham, Glenn; Mbagwu, Chima - In: Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 16 (2004) 2-3, pp. 73-80
This article looks at how U.S. managers supplement GAAP earnings with pro forma reporting. Pro forma measures, which are not audited, are typically determined through an adjustment to GAAP-based earnings. For example, a manager may choose to present an alternative to GAAP earnings that excludes...