Leere Bahnhöfe, verwaiste Straßen: Der Verkehrssektor gehörte zweifellos zu den markantesten Ausprägungen der COVID-19-Pandemie. Nachdem der gesellschaftliche Krisenzustand seit Frühjahr 2023 offiziell als überwunden gilt, untersucht die vorliegende Studie, wie drei Jahre Pandemie das...

This paper studies the effects of multiple increases of the German Real Estate Transfer Tax (RETT) on spatial mobility decisions both on the aggregate and individual level. We look at RETT hikes introduced by a federal reform in 2006 and exploit the staggered introduction of these hikes and the...

For working people, the cost of getting to work, in terms of time and expense, is a crucial aspect of daily life. In the twentieth century, people's opportunity to travel increased. This did not, however, apply to everyone. The absence of affordable housing near job locations combined with the...

In 2022, natural population decline was equal to nearly 600,000 persons (599,600) or 4.1‰ (per mille) which is much below the level of a natural decline in the population in 2021 (1,042,700, 7.2‰) (Fig. 13). Such a decrease was feasible owing to the return of the mortality rate to the normal...