In this paper, we examine the productivity of commercial activity by US universities in the past six years. While it is generally acknowledged that there has been a dramatic increase in university licensing and patenting, there is little understanding as to the extent to which this is the result...

We analyze the effects of protection using disaggregated data. This permits analysis of distinct effects of tariffs and NTBs on trade. Our analysis indicates that tariffs tend to shift trade towards larger exporters. We find significant trade diversion caused by tariffs. In the case of NTBs, we...