mothers with young children and females without children. The second step of the analysis entails four different measures with … inequality, more concentrated wage bargaining, and higher rate of unionization, mothers are relatively more penalized in monetary …

Mothers tend to receive lower wages than comparable childless women. This "motherhood wage gap" has been reported in … the gaps associated with the total number of children are mostly explained by the loss of mothers' human capital during … child-related career breaks, the gaps associated with one child are predominantly driven by mothers' choice of jobs and …

The motherhood wage penalty denotes the difference in wages between mothers and women without children that is not …

effects on labor market outcomes of Chilean mothers, while fathers remain unaffected. Becoming a mother implies a sharp … decline in mothers' labor supply, both in the extensive and intensive margins, and in hourly wages. We also show that … motherhood affects the occupational structure of employed mothers, as the share of jobs in the informal sector increases …