We study the access to credit and the propensity to exit the market of firms with no bank debt (the main funding source of Spanish non-listed firms) around the Covid-19 crisis. Our methodology enables us to disentangle credit supply from credit demand, as having no bank debt may be due to...

This paper studies the effect of the expected credit loss model under IFRS 9 on relationship lending in Spain. We document that the relationship exclusivity between a bank and a firm has a positive effect on the growth of credit. However, such positive effect is significantly reduced after IFRS...