This article focuses on a less scrutinized aspect of the WTO dispute settlement system – non-litigated disputes. Legal rules concerning consultation and settlement during the panel proceedings are analyzed with the case laws. We then propose, and empirically analyze, several key economic...

Antidumping (AD) duties are calculated as the difference between the foreign firm's product price in the export market and some definition of 'normal' or 'fair' value, often the foreign firm's product price in its own market. Additionally, AD laws allow for recalculation of these AD duties over...

Antidumping (AD) trade protection policies allow government agencies to recalculate AD duties based on foreign firms' most recent pricing behavior. We examine the resulting dynamic pricing problem of a foreign firm facing such policy. We show that the expected pattern of AD duty recalculations...

This paper examines the issue of sustaining free trade when countries receive imperfect private information about each other's non-tariff barriers. Because the countries can misrepresent their private briefs about other countries' protection levels, the punishment scheme to deter deviations from...

This paper examines the issue of sustaining free trade when countries receive imperfect private information about each other’s non-tariff barriers. Because the countries can misrepresent their private belief about other countries’ protection levels, the punishment scheme to deter...

This paper uses recursive methods to characterize the payoff frontier of self-enforcing trade agreements between countries of asymmetric size. We show that at points on the frontier where only one country's incentive constraint binds, the efficient agreement will be a non-stationary one that...