to estimate learning losses. It models the effect of school closures on achievement by predicting the deviation of the …

to estimate learning losses. It models the effect of school closures on achievement by predicting the deviation of the …

school effect mostly covers OECD and Latin American countries, with little evidence on other parts of the world. There is … assessments. However, the empirical literature recognizes that assessing the true effect of private school attendance requires … recent emerging country specific evidence doubting the existence of a private school advantage. I use PISA 2012 data for …

all due to differences in what students bring with them to school - socio-economic background, cultural factors, and the … like? Or do school systems make a difference? This essay argues that differences in features of countries' school systems … factors of the school system, as well as factors beyond the school system, account for cross-country achievement differences …

all due to differences in what students bring with them to school – socio-economic background, cultural factors, and the … like? Or do school systems make a difference? This essay argues that differences in features of countries' school systems … factors of the school system, as well as factors beyond the school system, account for cross-country achievement differences …

overlaps with two distinct school cohorts. School-entry regulations are used as an exogenous source of variation for grade …) linearity assumptions, make it possible to account for differences in school-starting age across students who are expected to be … in different grades. On average, students’ test scores increase by about one-fifth of a standard deviation over a school …